DACE C1 RP


Ok, I am doing my revision for my DACE C1. Hope I can summarise all the things we have learnt so far.

Dewey (1933) on Reflective Practice: A process of analysing, reconsidering and questioning experiences within a broad context of learning and teaching issues.

Schon (1983)
Reflection-In-Action : when practice is taking place. When you are doing it
Reflection-On-Action: after the practice or after the event


  • Autobiographies as AEs and learners : introspective examination of one's history, beliefs and intentions underlying decision and actions taken in any learning environment
  • Learner's perspective : from our student's eyes, end of course feedback
  • Colleague's perspective : new perspective and opinion for what is seen to be happening
  • Theoretical Literature : to validate one's informal practice using formal source of information 


Principles of Reflection

  • Levels of Reflectiveness : to distinguish between superficial and deep reflection, everyday type of reflection that is random and fleeting to a higher level of reflection that is more deliberate and systematic.
  • Need for Context : dynamic and ever changing environment -> need for constant RP. WSQ framework 4 approaches to conceptualizations are the need to be aware of legal, industrial, organisational and operating environment considerations 
  • Many Roles & Responsibilities of AE : Different role, different perceptive
  • Involvement of Stakeholders : A critical peer may point out the taken for granted habits and question the practice of them by challenging the status quo
  • Action Orientation :result of the interplay of knowledge and practice will lead to action which is informed by evidence

Five methods of reflective practice
  1. Journaling
    • method of collating thoughts and ideas, and later organizing these thoughts and ideas in a systematic way
    • identify patterns of thought and the basis for self-discovery
    • follow-through action to interpret entries for meaning
    • follow-up action as part of professional development
    • Form, intended audience, Frequency, Focus, Time-frame, Review, Feedback
    • use of metaphor and analogy will enhance articulation of experience and interpretation
  2. Critical Incident Analysis
    • personal critical incidents and critical teaching incidents
    • Describe it, Importance of incident to AE, Reaction during incident, relate incident to beliefs and values
  3. Self-Reflection and Self-Questioning
    • Method : What am I doing here ?
    • Reason : Why am I doing this ?
    • Result : What is the outcome ?
    • Justification : Will I change anything based on the information gathered from answering the first 3 questions ?
  4. Peer Observation
    • inviting peer to comment on and to provide feedback on any work done
    • pre-observation discussion to agree on objectives and purpose of observation
    • the observation proper to collect and record evidence of good practice
    • post-observation discussion for feedback and direction for follow-up
  5. Critical Friendships
    • engaging RP through dialog with another person (trusted friend)
  6. Inventories
    • ....

Argyris & Schon : Single loop and double loop learning

Core Values of PD Framework
  1. Passion for Lifelong Learning
  2. The Uniqueness of Every Adult Learner
  3. Improvement of professional Practice
  4. A Spirit of Inquiry and Innovation
  5. Authentic Learning
  6. Adaptability and Resilience






Great Links on Reflective Practice
Critical Reflection : a summary of a few approaches to RP
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